Moses Mendelssohn

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Beskæftigelse: 1755; Filosof

Notater:

Levned:
Moses Mendelssohn (6 September 1729 – 4 January 1786) was a German Jewish philosopher to whose ideas the Haskalah, the 'Jewish enlightenment' of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, is indebted.
Born to a poor Jewish family in Dessau, Principality of Anhalt, and originally destined for a rabbinical career, Mendelssohn educated himself in German thought and literature and from his writings on philosophy and religion came to be regarded as a leading cultural figure of his time by both Christian and Jewish inhabitants of German-speaking Europe and beyond. He also established himself as an important figure in the Berlin textile industry, which was the foundation of his family's wealth.
Moses Mendelssohn's descendants include the composers Fanny and Felix Mendelssohn and the founders of the Mendelssohn & Co. banking house.

Beskæftigelse:
Første udgivelser: Philosophische Gespräche (1755) og Briefe über die Empfindungen (1755). Hovedværk: Phädon, oder über die Unsterblichkeit der Seele (1767).

Moses blev gift med Fromet Guggenheim den 22 jun. 1762 i Berlin, Berlin, Tyskland. Fromet (datter af Abraham Gugenheim og Mirjam Glückel Heymann) blev født den 6 okt. 1737 i Altona, Pinneberg, Slesvig-Holsten; døde den 16 mar. 1812 i Hamburg, Hamburg, Tyskland; blev begravet den 18 mar. 1812 i Altona, Königsstrasse Friedhof. [Gruppeskema] [Familietavle]

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Beskæftigelse: Bankier
• Voksendåb: 4 okt. 1822, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Tyskland; Adresse:
  Franske reformerte Kirke

Notater:

Fødsel:
Falk anfører: 1772.

Levned:
Financier. The son of German-Jewish philospher Moses Mendelssohn and father of composers Felix and Fanny Mendelssohn. Born in Berlin, he showed an early interest in cultural life, co-founding the Jewish liberal society Gesellschaft der Freunde (1792) and becoming an active member of the Berlin Singakademie (1793). During that time his brother Joseph founded the Berlin bank of Mendelssohn and Friedlaender, and at his behest Abraham went to Paris in 1797 to study banking. He became a partner in 1804 and the firm was renamed J & A Mendelssohn, with headquarters in a new branch in Hamburg. This city was invaded by the French Army in 1810; the brothers were less than cooperative with the occupying forces and the following year they had to flee in disguise to Berlin. They were heavily fined for refusing to help fund Napoleon's Russian campaign. After Napoleon's defeat in 1815, the Mendelssohns established themselves in the heart of Berlin's financial district and joined a consortium of German banks, led by the House of Rothschild, to secure war reparations from France. A Paris branch was opened for this purpose. In 1822 Abraham sold his partnership to become an independent financial broker and devote himself to philanthropic pursuits; afterwards the bank was reorganized as Mendelssohn & Co. Abraham strongly believed that Jews should assimilate into German society and in 1816 he and his family converted to Christianity, adding "Bartholdy" to the family name. The Mendelssohns' affluent home in Berlin hosted Sunday salons at which Felix and Fanny, both child prodigies, were the star attractions. Their father spared no effort to give both the best musical education and Felix became a famous composer while still in his teens; but in keeping with the social code of the era he forbade Fanny from pursuing music as a profession. He died of a stroke at 58. Abraham seemed philosophical about his place in history. He liked to say, "First I was the son of my father, now I am the father of my son", and "I am but a dash connecting Moses and Felix Mendelssohn". But this is too modest. Besides providing Felix with the ideal environment for his genius to develop, he helped build one of Germany's most important private banks, an institution that survived under family ownership for 140 years. Mendelssohn & Co. was liquidated by the Nazis in 1938. (Bio by: Bobb Edwards, findagrave)

Abraham blev gift med Leah Lilly Salomon den 26 dec. 1804 i Berlin, Berlin, Tyskland. Leah blev født den 26 mar. 1777 i Brandenburg, Berlin, Tyskland; døde den 12 dec. 1842 i Brandenburg, Berlin, Tyskland; blev begravet i 1842 i Berlin, Dreifaltigkeitsfriedhof Kreuzberg. [Gruppeskema] [Familietavle]

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Beskæftigelse: Komponist

Notater:

Levned:
Fanny Mendelssohn (14 November 1805 – 14 May 1847), later Fanny [Cäcilie] Mendelssohn Bartholdy and, after her marriage, Fanny Hensel, was a German pianist and composer. She composed over 460 pieces of music. Her compositions include a piano trio and several books of solo piano pieces and songs. A number of her songs were originally published under her brother, Felix Mendelssohn's, name in his opus 8 and 9 collections. Her piano works are often in the manner of songs, and many carry the name Lieder für das Pianoforte (Songs for the piano, a parallel to Felix's Songs without Words). (Wikipedia)

Fanny blev gift med Wilhelm Hensel den 3 okt. 1829. Wilhelm blev født den 6 jul. 1794 i Trebbin, Brandenburg, Tyskland; døde den 26 nov. 1861 i Berlin, Berlin, Tyskland; blev begravet i 1861 i Berlin, Dreifaltigkeitsfriedhof Kreuzberg. [Gruppeskema] [Familietavle]

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Også kaldet: Felix Jakob Ludwig Mendelssohn-Bartholdy
• Beskæftigelse: Komponist
• Bopæl: 1811, Berlin, Berlin, Tyskland

Notater:

Levned:
Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy[n 1] (3 February 1809 – 4 November 1847), born and widely known as Felix Mendelssohn,[n 2] was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early romantic period. Mendelssohn wrote symphonies, concertos, oratorios, piano music and chamber music. His best-known works include his Overture and incidental music for A Midsummer Night's Dream, the Italian Symphony, the Scottish Symphony, the overture The Hebrides, his mature Violin Concerto, and his String Octet. His Songs Without Words are his most famous solo piano compositions. After a long period of relative denigration due to changing musical tastes and antisemitism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, his creative originality has been re-evaluated. He is now among the most popular composers of the romantic era.
A grandson of the philosopher Moses Mendelssohn, Felix Mendelssohn was born into a prominent Jewish family. He was brought up without religion until the age of seven, when he was baptised as a Reformed Christian. Felix was recognised early as a musical prodigy, but his parents were cautious and did not seek to capitalise on his talent.
Mendelssohn enjoyed early success in Germany, and revived interest in the music of Johann Sebastian Bach, notably with his performance of the St Matthew Passion in 1829. He became well received in his travels throughout Europe as a composer, conductor and soloist; his ten visits to Britain – during which many of his major works were premiered – form an important part of his adult career. His essentially conservative musical tastes set him apart from more adventurous musical contemporaries such as Franz Liszt, Richard Wagner, Charles-Valentin Alkan and Hector Berlioz. The Leipzig Conservatoire, which he founded, became a bastion of this anti-radical outlook.
(Wikipedia)
Composer, Conductor, Pianist. A leading light of early Romantic music. Robert Schumann called him "The Mozart of the 19th Century". The grandson of German-Jewish philosopher Moses Mendelssohn, he was born Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn in Hamburg and lived in Berlin from age two. His affluent and culture-loving parents converted to Christianity in 1816 and added "Bartholdy" to the family name (though they disliked it and it is seldom used outside of Germany). Felix and his older sister Fanny were both musical prodigies and grew up in an environment that ideally nurtured their gifts. He debuted as a pianist at age nine and began composing at 11; a private orchestra was later put at his disposal so he could try out his new pieces. Important musicians visited the Mendelssohn home every Sunday and marvelled at the child's abilities. From 1817 to 1824 he studied composition and conducting with Carl Friedrich Zelter, who in 1821 introduced him to the German literary giant Goethe. The two became warm friends despite the 60-year age difference between them. At 16 Mendelssohn wrote his first masterpiece, the Octet for Strings (1825), and followed this with the enchanting "Overture to A Midsummer Night's Dream" (1826), inspired by Shakespeare's play; these two works made him internationally famous. Continuing his good fortune, Mendelssohn launched his career as a conductor with one of the most significant events in music history. He had inherited from Zelter a love for the music of J.S. Bach, known at that time only to specialists, and was determined to rescue it from obscurity. In 1829 he organized and conducted a Berlin performance of Bach's "St. Matthew Passion". It was the first performance of that work since the composer's death, and its overwhelming success sparked the Bach revival. Mendelssohn spent much of the next four years touring England, Scotland, France, and Italy, then returned to Germany to direct the Lower Rhine Festival in Dusseldorf (1833 to 1835). As director of the Gewandhaus Orchestra in Leipzig from 1835 until his death, he built the ensemble into one of the finest in Europe with his erudition and perfectionist standards. He was the first conductor to organize concerts devoted to specific periods of music history, and was lauded for his interpretations of the German and Viennese schools. In 1839 he led the world premiere of Franz Schubert's "Great" C Major Symphony, effectively demonstrating that Schubert was more than just a brilliant songwriter. Mendelssohn's last decade was one of dizzying activity. At the urging of the Prussian King he accepted the post as music director of the Academy of Arts in Berlin (1841 to 1845), while retaining his conductorship in Leipzig, touring, and composing in spare moments. He grew to love England, where he was the most admired German composer since Handel, and was a favorite of Queen Victoria; his "Scottish" Symphony (1842) was dedicated to her. In 1843 he realized another ambition when he founded the Leipzig Conservatory of Music, the first of its kind in Germany. He taught courses in piano and composition and invited Ignaz Moscheles and Robert and Clara Schumann to join the staff. In the mid-1840s Mendelssohn's health declined from the effects of high blood pressure and overwork. His grief over the sudden death of Fanny in May 1847 precipitated a series of strokes, and he died six months later at 38. His passing was mourned as a calamity throughout Europe. Mendelssohn was a major transitional figure in music of the 1800s. His style was conservative, blending Romantic feeling and scene-painting with classical form, clarity, and emotional restraint; his mastery of counterpoint reflected his debt to Bach and other German Baroque masters. These influences were united with an ingratiating ease of melodic inspiration. He matured early as a composer and from then on was more occupied in refining his technique than taking his music in new directions. A example of this is his incidental score for "A Midsummer Night's Dream" (1843). Although 17 years separate this set from his "Overture" for the same play, their style is so similar they could have been written at the same time. This creative attitude put Mendelssohn at odds with his more progressive colleagues. He was tight-lipped over Schumann's music and expressed serious reservations about Berlioz, Liszt, and Meyerbeer, though he was personally friendly towards all. He was self-critical as well; of his estimated 500 compositions, he allowed only 72 opuses to be published before his death. His other important works include the "Reformation" (1830) and "Italian" (1833) symphonies, the overtures "Calm Sea and Prosperous Voyage" (1828), "The Hebrides" (aka "Fingal's Cave", 1830), and "Ruy Blas" (1839), the oratorios "St. Paul" (1836) and "Elijah" (1846), the Violin Concerto (1844), two Piano Concertos (1831, 1837), six string quartets (1829 to 1847), and the "Songs Without Words" for solo piano (8 books, 1829 to 1845). A melody from his secular cantata "Festgesang" (1840) was adapted in England into the Christmas carol "Hark! The Herald Angels Sing" (1855), and the "Wedding March" from "A Midsummer Night's Dream" has been played at countless nuptials. Adored in his lifetime, Mendelssohn's music was dismissed by succeeding generations as lightweight and lacking passion. Some of the criticism (notoriously from Richard Wagner) was anti-Semitic in nature and reflected a growing trend in Germany that culminated with the rise of Hitler. In 1936, the Nazis banned Mendelssohn's music and destroyed his monument outside the Leipzig Gewandhaus. The composer's manuscripts were smuggled out of the Berlin State Library to safety in Poland, and at the start of World War II they were hurriedly scattered throughout the world. It was not until the 1990s that scholars began a concerted effort to track down this material, making a fuller appreciation of his work possible. By the time of Mendelssohn's bicentenary in 2009, his reputation had come almost full circle. Throughout it all some of his key compositions - the "Italian" and "Scottish" symphonies, the Violin Concerto, "The Hebrides", the evergreen "A Midsummer Night's Dream" music - stayed strong in the international repertory. Today he is among the most popular of the early Romantics. (Bio by: Bobb Edwards, Findagrave)

Felix blev gift med Cécile Charlotte Sophie Jeanrenaud den 28 mar. 1837. Cécile blev født den 10 okt. 1817 i Lyon, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Frankrig; døde den 25 sep. 1853 i Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Tyskland; blev begravet i 1853 i Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Tyskland. [Gruppeskema] [Familietavle]

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Beskæftigelse: Sanger

Notater:

Levned:
"Rebecka was the sister of the musician Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy and Fanny Hensel. A few weeks after her birth, her parents moved from Hamburg to Berlin, where her father Abraham continued to run the family bank with his brother Joseph. Rebecka had a very good musical education and joined as a singer of the Berliner Sing-Akademie. She was probably the first to sing the Lieder composed by Felix and Fanny. On May 22, 1832, she married the mathematician Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet, who had been introduced to her family by the naturalist Alexander von Humboldt. The couple had four children. The most famous romantic musicians of the time often met in the house of the Dirichlets. In 1851, after the death of their parents and older brothers, the Dirichlets moved from Berlin to Gottingen, where Rebecka continued the tradition of musical reunions carried on by her family. Famous artists and musicians such as Clara Schumann, Johannes Brahms and Joseph Joachim participated in these musical meetings. Rebecka died of a stroke on 1 December 1858 at the age of 47. Her husband died a few months later, on May 5 of the following year, of heart disease.
Contributor: Marina Caracciolo (50626472)" (findagrav.com)

Rebekka blev gift med Peter Gustav Lejeune-Dirichlet den 22 maj 1832. Peter blev født den 13 feb. 1805 i Düren, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Tyskland; døde den 5 maj 1859 i Göttingen, Niedersachsen, Tyskland; blev begravet i 1859 i Göttingen, Bartholomäusfriedhof. [Gruppeskema] [Familietavle]

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Beskæftigelse: Bankier
• Navneændring: 1871

Notater:

Fødsel:
Datter af bankier Heinrich Carl Heine.

Levned:
"Er war ein Sohn des Bankiers Abraham Mendelssohn Bartholdy und seiner Frau Lea Mendelssohn Bartholdy, geb. Salomon. Seine Geschwister waren die Komponistin Fanny Hensel, der Komponist Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy und Rebecka Dirichlet. Zur Unterscheidung vom Familienzweig seines Bruders Felix führten Paul und seine Nachkommen seit ungefähr 1871 einen Bindestrich zwischen den beiden Bestandteilen des Nachnamens.
In den Jahren 1831 bis 1833 durchlief Paul Mendelssohn-Bartholdy eine kaufmännische Ausbildung in London und Paris. Anschließend trat er in die Familienbank Mendelssohn & Co. ein, deren Teilhaber er 1838 wurde.
Am 31. Mai 1835 heiratete er Albertine Heine (1814–1879), eine Tochter des Berliner Bankiers Heinrich Carl Heine und Schwester des Mathematikers Eduard Heine. Mit dieser hatte er die Kinder Pauline (1844–1863), Katharine (1846–1906), Ernst (1846–1909), Gotthold (1848–1903) und Fanny (1851–1924). Auch die Neffen Carl und Paul Mendelssohn Bartholdy und die Nichte Flora Dirichlet wuchsen nach dem Tod ihrer Eltern bei ihrem Onkel auf.
Im Jahr 1871 wurde Paul Mendelssohn-Bartholdy Seniorchef der Bank, in welcher er sich besonders um die Auslandskontakte, unter anderem nach Russland, sowie um die 1837 gegründete Hamburger Bank Paul Mendelssohn-Bartholdy[1] kümmerte. Die preußische Regierung schätzte ihn als finanzpolitischen Berater, vor allem in den Jahren 1865 bis 1871.
Paul Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, der wie seine Geschwister außergewöhnlich musikalisch begabt war und gut Cello spielte, bewahrte einen Großteil des kompositorischen Nachlasses seines Bruders Felix und war Mitherausgeber einer zweibändigen Ausgabe von dessen Briefen.
Sein Grab befindet sich auf dem Dreifaltigkeitsfriedhof I in Berlin-Kreuzberg." (Wikipedia)

Navneændring:
Tilføjet bindestreg mellem de to efternavne: Meldelsohn-Bartholdy.

Begravet:
Gravsted afbildet. Portrætfoto.

Paul blev gift med Albertine Heine den 31 maj 1835. Albertine blev født i 1814; døde i 1879. [Gruppeskema] [Familietavle]